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a Gift from
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THE
* 3 |
NATURAL HISTORY
OF
BRITISH BIRDS;
OR, &
SELECTION oF tHe MOST RARE, BEAUTIFUL, anv INTERESTING
Brie kh Je S
WHICH INHABIT THIS COUNTRY:
THE DESCRIPTIONS FROM THE
Per We ASIN A OOF ae ae
OF
Eh NON” 76°05;
WITH
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS,
EITHER ORIGINAL, OR COLLECTED FROM THE LATEST
AND MOST ESTEEMED
PNGLASH ORNITHOLOGISTS;
AND EMEELLISHED WITH
1S ae Case aM BC Sen ioe
PRAWN, ENGRAVED, AND COLOURED FROM THE ORIGINAL SPECIMENS,
VV" OF Ua a.
By E. DONOVAN.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR; AND FOR F. AND C. RIVINGTON;
No. 64% ST> PAUL CHURCH-YARD. 1795
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PLATE XXV.
TRINGA VANELLUS.
LaPwiNc, or TEWIT.
GRALL&
Bill roundifh. ‘Tongue entire, flefhy. Thighs naked. Toes di-
vided. |
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill roundith, ftrait, about the length of the head. Noftrils narrow,
Toes four.
SPECIFIG CHARACTER.
Bill, Crown, Cretft, Throat, black; a black line under each Eye ;
at the back part of the Head a Creft of about twenty narrow feathers:
of unequal length ; fides of the Neck white; fore part as far as the
Breaft black; the Back and Wings green, moft beautifully glofled
with fine purple, brown and blue. Quills black. Breaft and Belly
white. Upper Tail Coverts and Vent pale rufous. ‘Tail white from
the bafe half up, extreme half black. Legs red.
Tringa Vanellus. Pedibus rubris, crifta dependente, pectore nigro.
) Fn, Suec. 148.—Linn. Syft, Nat. Editio Decima.
1. 148. |
Scop. Ann. 1. N° 1416
Brun. N° 170.
a | Mull
Pods A Ty Ey Ae.
Mull, N° 192.
Kram. El. p. 353-
Frifch, II. 213-
~ Olin. Ue. pl. in Dp. 21.
| Georgi Reife. p pe 172. |
Larwinec, BasTARD
Prover. PEwit. Rai S5 p. 110. 4 Tp
Wilk Orn: 204. pli 57.
Albin. 1. pl. 74.
Wa. Foul. ty 480. D.
Br. Zool, 190.
Lev. Mus.
Lath. Gein. Syn. 4 Lot: “
Le Vaaneau. . _Brif Orn. v. P- 94, I. De 8. fie Ie
Buff, Off Bb. 28. flaw Plcoh hh
Le Vanneau, Dixhuit, ane Belen, Av, 209.
Zweiel. Gefuer, Ay. 165.
Pavoncella, Olina. ai. |
_Pavenzino. _ Aldr. oe ALI. 202,
‘Kiwik. mn i Frifch. 44. 2134. ‘-
* Wipa, K Gail Bhecka. Faun. Suec. Sp. pion
Danis Vibe, Kivit.- Brunnich. 179 a
‘The length of this fpecies is about thirteen inches and a half; the
breadth more than two feet; the weight eight ounces; the female is
exactly like the male both in form. and colour, but is rather {maller.
in It
Pen fay.
It lays four eos, of a dirty olive caft, fpeckled with black *, ina
flight neft compofed of bents, or on a bed of dried grafs, f{craped to-
gether on the ground; the hen fits about three weeks; the young as
foon as hatched run together like chickens.
The old birds fhew a remarkable folicitude for their young, flying
with great anxiety about them if difturbed; and ufing every ftratagem
to decoy the difturber from the neft; feigning to flutter as if wounded
on the ground at a little diftance, or running along as if lame: fhould
thofe artifices prove ufelefs they become defperate, and will ftrike at
the perfon or animal whom they cannot entice away.
Towards winter both young and old affemble in flocks of four or
five hundered on the heaths or marfhy places, at which time they are
caught in nets for the ufe of the table in the fame manner that Ruffs
are.
They are common in moft parts of Europe, as far as Iceland;
change place according to the feafon; are met with in Perfia and
Egypt in winter, and Latham fays he has feen a {pecimen from China.
They are efteerned a delicacy as their nourifhment is only flugs
and worms; thefe they draw out of the ground morning and
evening. hey are fometimes kept in gardens, and by good treat-
ment become both ufeful and familiar.
aa a
* Pennant obferves that ‘* the eggs are held in great efteem for their delicacy; and
%
© are fold by the Lordonm Poulterers for three fhillings the dozen.”
PLATE
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PRA LE. AAV,
PARUS CRIS TAT US,
CrestTeEpD TITMOUSE,
Pr ssex & s:
Bill conic, pointed. Noftrils oval, broad, naked,
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill fhort, ftrong, entire, briftles at the bafe. Tongue blunt, with
briftles at the end,
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
_ Forehead and fides of the Head white; on the head a creft of
black pointed feathers with white edges. Chin and Throat black ;
with a collar of the fame colour bounding the Cheeks. Back, Wings,
and Tail, rufous grey. Under parts of the Body white, fides with a
rufous tinge. Legs lead colour.
Parus Criftatus, Capite Criftato. Linn. Sy/f. 1. p. 340. N° 2.
7 Scop. Anns 1. p. 162. 243.
Raiz. Syn. p. 74. N° 6.
Muller. p. 34. N° 282.
Georgi Reife. p. 175.
Frifch. t. 14.
i Kram. el. p. 379. N® 2.
Crestep Titmouse. Rai. Sy. fo fhe INO: |
Albin. 2. pl. §7.
Will. Orn, p. 242. te 43.
Ari, LoolBr. Muf.
PLATE AAVE
Le Mefange Puppée. . Brif. Orn. 3.. p. 558. N® 8.
Buff. Oif.V. p. 447-—Pl. Ent, 02. fi 2.
The Crefted Titmoufe is fo very rarely found in this country, that
neither Latham or Pennant has defcribed it as a Britith fpecies; nor
has the latter included it in the Appendix of the Britith’ Zoology,
among the foreign birds which vifit us at unftated: periods.
- It is met with in many parts of France, particularly-in’ Normandy,
and the intermediate country between that and Sweden writers concur
that it is of a very folitary difpofition, never mixing. with other birds,
nor in numbers even with its own {pecies ; 5 it is chiefly found among
the ever-green trees in the deep and cloomy recefles of exteniive ‘fo-
refts, and is therefore little known even in thofe ae ce the Le
cies is moft frequent.
Walcot mentions thine they are fometimes feen in Scetland, and once
vifited that country-in a large flock; the {pecimen from which our
figure is copied was fhot in Scotland alfo, in company with feveral
others in the year 1792,
PLATE
Se Se
—
bo A eu Oe VenL.
EMBERIZA NIVALIS?
Tawny BuNTING,
Poa S.s EoR. BLS
Bill conic, pointed. Noftrils oval, broad, naked.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill conic, angular on each fide; a hard knob within the upper
mandible,
SPECIFIG CHARACTER.
Bill yellow tipt with black. Head and round the Neck tawny.
Back brown, marked with black. Legsblack. Rumptawny. ‘Tail
twelve feathers, rather forked, exteriors white.
EMBERIZA Nivatis Faun. Suec. 227. B.
EmsBerizaA Fricipa. Lath. Cat. Englifh Birds, Suppl,
Tawny Buntine. Pen. Br. Zool, 121.
Lath. Gen, Syn. ITI, 164.
Great Prep Mountain Fincnu or Brampiine. Will. Orn. 225.
L’Ortolan de Neige, Hortulanus Nivalis. Brif. av. 1/1, 285.
Schnee-ammer (Snow-hammer). rich. 1. 6.
Thefe birds are fometimes met with in the northern parts of Eng-
land, but are not common ; three males and one female were fhot in the
garden of Mr. Slade, Vauxhall-road, about a fortnight fince. I care-
B fully
PUA T Bee exXv is:
fully examined them, and found they varied very much in their colours 3
it is not indeed furprifing that the accurate Linnezus fhould con-
fider the Tawny and Mountain Buntings with their varieties, as the
Snow Bunting in its different approaches to its f{ummer appearance.
_ Pennant is of a different opinion, and has defcribed it under the
Englith name Tawny Bunting, as a diftinc fpeeies. Latham has alfa
defcribed it as a different fpecies in his general Synopfis ; and in the
lift of the Birds of Great Britain, in the fupplemental volume, he adds"
« Emperiza F RIGIDA,” and befers to the defcription of the Tawny
Bunting in the Britifh Zoology, N° 121.
The name ‘ Emberiza glacialis” has been alfo given to the fameg
“or a mere variety of this bird.
Our {pecimens are about fix inches and three quarters in length,
twelve inches and three quarters in breadth ; weight an ounce.
PLATE
ae
PEA TP Ey. REVI,
COLYMBUS TROILE,
FooLtisH GUILLEMOT, |
ANSERES. |
Bill obtufe, covered with a thin membrane ; broad, gibbous below
the bafe, {welled at the apex. Tongue flelhy. Legs naked, Feet
webbed, or finned.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill ftraight, flender, pointed. Noftrils linear, at the bafe of the
bill. Legs near the tail. Feet webbed,
SPECIFIG CHARACTER.
Bill black. Infide of the mouth yellow. ‘Tips of the {mall quills,
breaft, and belly white, The reft deep moufe colour.
Corymeus Trote. Linn. Syft. I. p. 220.
2.—Fn. Sv. N° 149
Brun. N° 108.
Mull. N° 152.
Frifch. t. 185.
GUILLEMOT, or Sea Hen.
Lonruvia Hoieri. Raii. Syn. p. 120. 44,
3 Will, Orn. po 324. pl. 65.
Albin. 1. pl. 84.
hdw. pl. 359. Fig. Z, |
+ | Bz : Foouise
~
Pe. Aa TE ARVs:
Foo.isH GuittemoTt. Br, Zool. N° 234.
Arét. Lol. N° 436.
Br. Muf.— Lev. Muf.
Tue Lavy. Martin’s Voyage, St. Kilda, 32.
Le Guillemot, Brif: Orn. VI. p. 70. 1. pl. 6. fig. Ye
Buff. Oif: 9. p. 350. pl. 25.—Pl, Enl. 903.
Lommia. W. Com, Petr. IV. 414.
Sea-Taube, or Groenlandifcher Taucher. Fri/ch. 11. 18 5
The Guillemot is found in immenfe numbers on feveral of the Englifh
coafts in fummer ; they continue in the Orknies * the whole year ;
chiefly breed in the uninhabited Ile of Prizftholm, near the JD/le of
Anglefea; the Farn Ifles near the coaft of Northumberland, and
among the high cliffs in the neighbourhood of Scarborough +, Yorke
fhire. Like the Auk, (which are alfo found with them in vaft num-
bers). They lay only one egg, more than three inches in length, of a
blueifh white or pale fea-green colour, moft elegantly freaked with
black lines crofling each other in every direction.
They are very filly; for though they fee their companions killed by
their fide, they only make a fhort circuit, and alight in the fame place
to be fhot at in turn.
Our bird is feventeen inches in length, weight twenty-five ounces»
breadth twenty-feven inches anda half. Brunnich mentions a variety,
* Penn. Bre Zool.
+ Willaughbye
with
PLATE XXVIII.
with a broader and fhorter bill, and yellow margins. M4uller {peaks of
a variety, with a white ring round the eyes, and a line of the fame co-
lour behind.
They are found in moft of the northern parts of Europe to Sp:tz-
bergen t, the coaft of Lapmark, along the White and Icy Sea to
Kamtfchatka; are found at Newfoundland and in fome parts of North
America.
It is called Guillem by the Welch, Guillemot or Sea Hen, at {Nor-
thumberland and Durham; in the fouthern parts, Willocks.
{ Both Pennant and Latham has feparated the Guillemots from the Divers, and
Grebes ; to the firft Latham has given the generic title Uria after Briffon ; the fecond he
oontinues under the Linnzan genus (Co/ymbus) 5 and the third he calls Podiceps.
PLATE
*
15 BGA Se ate
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et " Bie ‘iti et at
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SAT Es ELS.
COL Y MEUS AURIS.
EFarapp GRE BE.
A. .NiSiB Bites
Bill obtufe, covered with a thin membrane, broad, gibbous below
the bafe, fwelled at the apex. “Tongue flefhy. Legs naked. Feet
finned, or webbed.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill ftraight, flender, pointed. Noftrils linear, at the bale of the
bill. Legs near the tail. Feet webbed.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Bill curved a little upwards at the point. Lore and irides crimfon.
Head black, with an orange-coloured tuft of feathers behind each eye.
Breaft filvery white. Ridge and tips of the wings white. Legs olive.
Cotymsus Auritus. Linn. Sy/ft. I. p. 222. 8.
Fa. 80.153.
Scop. Ann. I, N° 100.
Muller. p. 20.
Earep Grege. Br. Zool N° 224. pl. 79.
Arét. Lool. p. 499. B. |
Lath. Gen. Syn. §. 284. Ae
Earep Doscuicx. Edw. pl. 96. fig. 2.
La Grebe 4 oreilles. Bri. Orn. 6. p. 54. 6.
C . Le
PLA TE RRA:
Le petit Grebe huppé. Buff. O:f. 8. p. 235. .
_ Novegis Sav-Orre, Soe-Orre.
Bornholmis Soe-Hoene.
Fflandis Flauefkitt. Brun. 136.
‘4
\
The length of this Species is twelve inches; they inhabit the fens
near Spalding, where they breed; they are found in the northern parts
of Europe, and in the temperate parts of Siberia and Iceland. Said
by Bougainville to be met with in Falkland Iflands, waere it is called
the Diver with Speétacles.—Boug. Voy. p. 61.
The neft, like moft others of the fame Genus, is compofed of twigs,
roots and ftalks of water-plants, and is ufually found floating among the
reeds and flags, nearly filled with water. “The female lays four or fiye
{mall white eggs, which are hatched in the water.
PLATE
30
Poe ek a AA.
PALCO. APILVORUS.
Honey BuzZaARD.
A CECTP LIT RE S:
Birds of prey. Bill and claws ftrong, hooked. An angle in each
margin of the upper mandible. Body mufcular. Females larger and
more beautiful than the males.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill arched from the bafe, which is covered with a wax-like meme
brane, ar cere.
SPEOGPIG CHARACTER.
Bill and Cere black. Legs yellow; Claws black. Head afh-co-
loured. Back and Wings dark brown. Breaft and Belly white, fpot-
ted. ‘Tail barred.
Fatco APiIvorus, Cere nigra, pedibus feminudis flaviss
capite cinereo, caudz fafcia cinerea
apice albo.=-fx. Sv. 66.— Linn.
Syft. Nat. I. o1j23: edit. 12.
Buteo Apivorus, Raii Syn. p. 16. N° 2.
Honey Buzzarp, Will. Orn. p. 72. t. 3.
‘Albin I, t. 2.
Pen. Br. Zool. I, N° 26. |
Latham’s Gen. Syn. I, p. §2. N° 33.
Ard. Lool. 2. p. 224. L.
C2 La
P Lipa. T EE RAw
La Bondrée. .. Brif. Orn, I. p. 410. N° 33-
Buff. Oif. I. p. 208.
Pl. enl. 420.
Le Goiran, ou Bondrée. Belon av. 101. "
Frofch-geyerl, Kram. 331.
Slag-Hok. Faun Suec. /p. 65.
Mufe-Hoeg, Mufe-Baage. Brun. p. 5.
‘Though the Honey Buzzard inhabits various parts of the continent
of Europe it is no where common except in the open parts of Ruffia
and Siberia; 1s feen as far north as Sondonor in Norway. In England
it is {carcely ever met with.
The length of our Specimen is twenty-three inches; weight when
taken thirty ounces. In its colours it precifely correfponds with the
defcription of the Honey Buzzard in Latham’s General Synopfis of
Birds, but differs very materially from that either of Linnzus*,
-Briffon +, Pennant}, or Albin ||.
Albin fays, “ This bird builds its neft of fmall twigs, laying on them
wool, and upon the wool its eggs. Some of them have been found to
* Linnaeus defcribes the tail with only one cinerous band, the tip white
> Briffon fays “ the fide tail-feathers are banded with white on the inner webs, and
are {potted with brown.”
{ Albin defcribes the tail of his fpecimen “ plain without bars.”
|| Pennant, in the Br. Zool. deferibes the Honey Buzzard, ‘Chin, breaft, and belly
white; the two laft marked with dufky fpots, pointing downwards; and three dufky
bars on the tail.’?, He mentions a'variety “ entirely of a deep brown; had much the
_fame marks on the wings and tail as the male ; and the head tinged with afh-colour.”
make
z
PL A T Eg XXX.
make ule of an old neft of a kite to breed in, feeding their young with
the nymphe of wafps, the combs of wafps being found in the aforefaid
nefts, in which were two young ones, covered with a white down,
fpotted with black; their feet of a pale yellow, their bills between the
noftrils and the head white, their craws large: in the crops were found
lizards, frogs, &c. In one of them were found two lizards entire,
with their heads towards the bird’s mouth, as if they fought to creep
out.”-—“* This bird runs very fwiftly like a hen.”—/). 1. t, 2.
The eggs of the Honey Buzzard are varioufly defcribed by different
authors; the {pecimens formerly preferved in the Portland Mufeum
were of a very deep red brown, with ferruginous blotches of chefnut;
' Mr. Latham fays he was informed by Mér. Boys, “ that they are of a
blueifh white, marked with irregular rufous fpots; the fhape of the
egg almoit globular ; ufually three in the neft.” Mr. Pennant fays
he was favoured with a defcription of the eggs by Adr. Plumly; “ they
were blotched over with two reds, fomething darker than thofe of the
Keftril.’”’
PLATE
fo A Te SX,
Le Wills .cOlLURIGO
RED-BACKED SHRIKE,
BuTcHER-BIRD, or FLUSHER.
ACCIPITRES
Birds of prey. Bill and claws ftrong, hooked, An angle in each
margin of the upper mandible. Body mufcular, Females larger and
‘more beautiful than the males.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill hooked towards the end, with a notch near the tip of the
upper mandible; bafe not furnifhed with a cere. Tongue jagged at
the end.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
| Bill black. A black ftroke through the eyes. Head light grey.
Upper parts of the back, atid wing coverts, ferrugineous. Breaft,
belly, and fides, bloflom-coloured. Legs black. ‘Tail black; all the
feathers, except the two middle ones, more or lefs white at the bafe.
Lanius Cotturio. Cauda fubcuneiformi, dorfo grifeo,
reCtricibus quatuer intermediis unicoloribus, roftre
plumbeo.—Lin. Sy/#. Nat. 1. 94. 3. edit. 12.
Faun. Arag. p. 71.
Scop. Ann. I. p. 24. N° 1g.
Kram. p. 363.
Muller. p. 1%.
ae Sepp. Vog. pl. in p. 120
D LANIUVS
PATE) Xx
Lanius Tertius. Aldr. av. I. 199.
Lanius minor ruffs feu gts Aldrovandi, Raii Syn.
Ps 10, Aod.
Merv congener alia, Rait Syn. p. 67. N° 13?
Lesser BwrcHer-Birp, Will. Orn. p. 88.
Albin. vol. ID, pl. 14.
FLusHER, in York/bire.
Red-backed Shrike, Br. Zool. [. N° 72.
Lath. Gen. Syn. I. 167. 15.—Suppl,
Lye es
Ar, Lool, N° 131.
Le petite Pie griefche grife. Belon av. 128.
L’Ecorcheur. Brif. 2. p. 151. N° 4.
Buf Oi. Le pe 304. pl 2t—pl. nl ate
GOT Dee
Danis Tornfkade. Norv. Hantvark. Br. 23.
Dorngreul, Dornheher. Kram. 363.
Bufferola, Ferlotta rofla, Zinam gt.
Mali Sokrakoper. Scopoli, N° 19.
The length of this Species is feven inches and a half, breadth
eleven inches; the female is of a dull ferruginous, mixed with grey:
che breaft, belly, and fides, dirty white, crofled with femicircular dufky
lines: the tail deep brown, except the outer feather on each fide,
whofe exterior webs are white; the female is rather larger than the
male,
.) its
PLATE KXXI.
__ It vifits this country in the fpring and departs in autumn; it is —
common in France and Italy, as well as in the temperate parts of
Ruffia.
It builds its neft in a hedge or low bufh, and lays fix white eggs,
encircled at the largeft end with a rufous brown circle; it not only
feeds on infects, but will devour the young of other birds, taking hold
of them by the neck and ftrangling them, then tearing out the eyes,
brain, &c. and when fatisfied fticks the remainder on a thorn for
another meal; when confined in a cage it will do the fame againf the
wires with beetles, grafhoppers, or pieces of fheep’s kidney.
It is faid to imitate well the notes of other birds, though it has none
of its own.
D 2 | PLATE
cs. t mh
‘. a Ae 9 ta, Y Se. a Non) Wo ae
= = | , i VE A 7. , guard ;
’ Ls x an
eC “it ; , :
i g a ; ken @ : 7
: Pe ie? ; hl een ae
4 w * ra ww \
. 4 - . a
2 * ' _
- J i
+. ‘ ;
: an)
-
\ \ =
| \ ‘
, \
hes § =
:
. ere
< + i f
be oy '
? + ~
Ps i |
f Fi 2
y 4, .
= = _ ;
¥ ae ’ :
ae ,~ = oH
J ¥ w a, : i
: ¢
a TP os a) ,
A ‘
i be +.
eR ;
4
; : :
7 *
, *
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‘ iJ 4
4
= J
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. Pa
e *
‘ 7 «
s
) "ey ; :
OF
yo
Pts AYE XXX.
FRINGA CINCLUS.
Ox-Eve, PuURRE,
OR
STINT.
GRALL &.
Bill roundifh, Tongue entire, fiefhy. Thighs naked. Toes
divided. : |
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill roundifh ftrait, about the length of the head. Noftrils narrow.
Toes four.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Bill flender, black. Head, neck, back and tail, afh-coloured, or
brown with dark fpots. Breaft, belly, and lower parts of the quill
feathers white. Legs greenifh brown.
Trinca Cincius. Linn, Sy/t. I. p. 251. 18.——Georzi
Reife, p. 172.
Cinclus five Motacilla,
Maritima, Lyfsklicker. Ge/n. av. 616.
Purre. Br. Zool, N° 206. pl. 17.
Arft. Lool. p. 390.
Lath. Gen, Syn. §. 182. 30.
SANDERLING. Albin. 3. pl. 88.
Least
PR Aw Ee.
Least SNIPE, Rai .n. p. 190. 11.
Sloan. am. p. 320. 14. pl. 265. de
Stint, or Ox-Eve. Razi Syn. p. 110. 4. 13.
Will, Orn. p. 305.
WactalL, Kolb. Cap. I. p. 152.?—Brown Fam. p: 447.
L’Allouctte de Mer. Brif. av. 5. 211. tab. 19. fig. 1:
Belon av. 413.
Buff. Orf. 7. p. §48.— Pl. enl. 851.
Giarolo. ldr. av. 3. 188.
Length feven inches and a half; extent fourteen inches; weight
an ounce and a half.
This Species is very common in moft parts of Europe, and is faid
to be found at the Cape of Good Hope; in Famaica and other Weft-
India Iflands. ‘They frequent our coafts in the winter in vaft flocks,
alternately {wimming and flying in large circles with the greateft re-
gularity: they leave our fhores in fpring, and retire to fome unknown
place to breed. Mr. Latham fufpects that they breed on the coaft of
Kent, having received fome birds which fcarcely differed from the
defcription, from Mr. Boys of Sandwich; they were fhot at Romney,
in the month of Augutft.
Le Cincle of Buffon and L’Alloutte de Mer a Collier of Brz/son
has much affinity to this Bird, and is fuppofed to be only a difference
of fex or age, as they are often taken in company.
PLATE
Pa A TS” AAAI.
be
CORACTAS GARRULA.
GARRULOUS ROLLER.
Pie 2:
Bill compreffed, convex.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill ftrait, bending towards the tip, edges cultrated. Noftrils
narrow and naked.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
AND
SYNONYMS.
Head, neck, breaft, and belly light bluifh green. Back and
fcapulars reddifh brown; tail forked; black, blue and green. Legs
dirty yellow.
Coracias GarRuta. carulea, dorfo rubro, remigibus nigris.
Lin, Syft. Nat.
Corvus dorfo fanguineo remigibus nigris, reCtricibus
viridibus. Fx. Sv. 73.
Cornix cerulea. Gefn. av. 335.
Garrutus argentoratenfis. Raj. av. 47.
Garrutovus Router. Lath. Gen. Syn. I. p. 406, N° 1.
Suppl. 815. Ie
Ar&. Zool. ii, ps 253. Go
E ROLLER
PLAT © RXXIG,
Rotier Wil. Orn. 131. pl. 20.
Ran. Syn. fat. N° opis 2e
Pen. Br. Zool appen. p. 624. pl. 26
Edw. Pl. 109.
Le Rollier. Brif. Orn. ii. p. 64. pl. §. fi 2. Pl. enl. 486,
‘Le Rollier d’Europe. Buff. Oif. 3. p. 135. pl. 10.
The Shagarag. Shaw’s Travels. 252.
Spranfk Kraka, Blakraka, Allekraka. Faun. Suec. fp. 94.
Ellekrage. Brun. 35.
Blave racke, Birck-heher, Fri/ch. t. 57.
On the duthority of Mr. Pennant we have ventured to introduce
this fpecies. “ Of thefe birds,” fays Mr. Pennant, in the ap-
pendix to the Britifh Zoology, ‘‘ we have heard of only two being
feen at Jarge in our Ifland; one was fhot near He//fon-bridge, Cornwal,
and an account of it tranfmitted to us by the Reverend Doétor
Wilham Borlafe.”
‘Thefe birds are frequent in moft parts of Europe; in Germany,
Sicily and Malta they are fo common as to be fold in the markets *.
Edwards mentions oné fhot on Gibraltar Rock; it is alfo. met with,
from the fouthern parts of Ruffa to the neighbourhood of the
Lrtif> +. | ye mat)
It makes its neft in woods, moft frequently in Birch trees t$ never
lays more than five eggs, which are of a clear green, fprinkled
with innumerable dark fpecks §. It does not coine to its colour till
* Willughby. ee Ge 4 Ar. Zool,
t Frifh “4s” & - § Latham.
Fe Fe eS,
the fecond year; flies in troops in autumn, and is often feen in
tilled ground, with rooks and other birds, fearching for worms,
finall feeds, and roots ||; it feeds alfo on frogs and beetles q.
By one author it is {aid fometimes to make the neft in holes in the
ground, in one of which two eggs were found ** ; by another, it is
obferved never to be feen on the ground ++.
«It is remarkable for making a chattering noife; from which it
is called by fome Garrulus.” Pennant.
|| Frifch. Q Faun. Suec.
** Hift, des Oif. iil. pe 1390 tt Dec. Ruoff. Lp. 108,
E 2 PLATE
iow wl ‘oh |
; j
of? ni asiod fi jem off ade oF Gn ooeet bie ‘i 4 ‘onan
@i i Prey ek: Mons % > & pay *h iy een 5 rR ony ey a ivielyy
. 2 - -
Py Oe
i fairl oe i an
2 Bie GOH (Oho gneotised geen ts
Ks : val eave
asetetmeattitemeeteae siete hiceaite ba Snatis ameal ie i ee
a. Tae :
ent iit ta. eee 8 Ieee
” t 4
|
N .
.
-
5 { ;
if
=
. \
aah ;
‘ - i at
: ~ 8 Maer te 4
et oo
=a ras.
F , ui
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| ae i
> i lid ‘ ;
oe : lags eee ‘
ae
i - 7
" ae ay.
hn
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i
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4 a
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ace
rg
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F 4
PLATE XXXIV,
LE GEAY FLAWe,
WuHite Jay
Brif. av. 2. pr 5. Me
In the defcription of Corvus GLanparius, Common Jay,
we mentioned the fpecimen from which our prefent figure is taken;
it was found in a neft with four other Jays of the common fort, and
can only be confidered as a variety.
We have introduced it into this work, as a folitary example how far
the plumage of birds will fometimes vary from local circumftances.
PLA TE
WERK ET AI®
| gtieded et ge sett ‘ig ow ur haem ah aint
: “Beis cist. alia « £18 Ta ta nt i 6 ti
“aly ant chee bres pete
_ eater
_ ; +
~ a Te EOIN
ag i
$ \ i
san ’ 7
a a
4 ak ¥
. mo
ae | Pi
ee
‘ 7
ee I
' c ;
‘ \ )
ia : \ '
”
ei i oe (
: Ea ca * @ ¢ :
. * im :
- ry b F
. /
- A :
4 a
al :
1 ‘ 7
\
8 ‘
ii r “
‘ b ; i 7 ae -
ae ‘\ ' im, b Ae Sa), Wee nA bet
pi eae hm ae ees
PT BMY,
7 Rox BRIA CHY O TOS,
SHORT-EARED OWL,
ACCIPITRES,
Birds of prey. Bill and claws ftrong, hooked. An angle in each
margin of the upper mandible. Body mufcular. Females larger and
more mufcular than the males.
GENERIC CHARACTER,
Bill fhort, hooked, without cere. Head large. A broad difk fur-
rounding each eye. Legs feathered to the toes. Tongue bifid.
Nocturnal,
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Horns or ears a fingle feather. Above dark brown intermixed with
pale yellow colour. Beneath pale yellow longitudinally ftreaked with
dark brown; feathered to the toes. Tail yellow brown barred with
dark colour, tip white. Wings when clofed reach beyond the tail.
STRix Orus.
SHORT-EARED Owz. Pennant’s Br. Zool, N° 66. ¢. 31.
E STRIX
Poi A TY EB Oe:
Srrix Braacnyotos. Dr. Forfter’s Phil. Tranf. Vol. \xii. p 384.
N° 2.
Lath. Gen, Syn. I. 124. Suppl. 43.
SHORT-EARED Ow. mer. Zool.
Length fourteen inches, breadth when the wings are extended three
feet, weight fourteen ounces.
\
Mr. Pennant appears to be the firft author whe has defcribed this
fpecies *; he fays it is a bird of paflage, has been obferved to vilit
Lincolajbire the beginning of Odteber, and to retire early in the
fpring ; he fuppofes its fummer retreat is Norway. It conceals itfelf
in the long grafs in the day-time; when difturbed it will feldom fly
far, but will light and fit looking at one, at which time the horns
may be feen very diftinétly. Mr. Pennant further adds, “ it is found
frequently on the hill of Avy in the Oréuies, where it flies about and
preys by day like a hawk. I have alfo received this fpecies from
Lancafhire, which is a hilly and wooded country, and my friends have
alfo fent it from New England and Newfoundland.’ Penn, Br. Zool.
* Mr. Latham has made this fevere, though not entirely unmerited animadverfion
on the’ remarks of M. de Buifon, in Hif. des Oi. Vol. I. p. 353, mote (a) “ M. de
Buffon feems to think that this bird is the Scops, than which no two fpecies differ more.
We have not the Scops in England, neither do I think the above-defcribed bird to be a
native of France. It would therefore have appeared candid in the abovementioned
author, to have fufpended his opinion of the matter till he had been better informed,
as he feems to bear fomewhat hard upon Mr. Pennant, who, I am clear, is the firft
who has defcribed it, "——-Gex. Syz.
Dr. Forfter
PLATE XXXV.
Dr. Forfter gave it the fpecific name Brachyotos, in the Philofe-
phical Tranfaétions; he fays it is called Adoufe Hawk at HHudfan’s
Bay. It vifits that part in AZay, and makes a neft of dry grafs on the
ground: The eggs are white; it departs fouth in September; is
called by the natives Thothofecanfew +. It is very common in the
northern and woody parts of Siberza +.
Is known in England by the name of Woodcock Owl, as it is fup-
pofed to perform its migrations with the Woodcock. Feeds on mice.
+ Letham Gen. Spaz,
aE 2 PLATE
t a F
a | Ga . coe
Pa A . re
2 i. ‘wal =o > : : x
a ; Re Vt Rat a - ks pathy sel
R hens SE . Pie a a" mt al ty ase? no
; ‘ : rts ia Ds ater EF)
’
»
_
~ . ¢.
~~.
t <
oe
1
‘
P f
7
" ’
.
* .
.
RAE. XAXVI.
Pic US MTN O'R,
LesseER SPOTTED WoOODPECKER.
Pic zA,
Bill compreffed, convex.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill angular, ftrait. ' Noftrils covered with recumbent briftles,
Tongue very long and round, with a fharp, hard, barbed point. Twa
fore and two hind claws,
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
' Crown crimfon. Above black barred with white. Beneath pale
brown. In the female the crown is white.
Picus Minor. Albo nigroque varius vertice rubro, ano albido.
Linn. Syft. Nat.
Picus albo nigroque varius, rectricibus tribus latera-
libus feminigris. Fu. Suec. 83. Haffelqu. iter
242.
Picus varius Minor. Ab. av. I. ps 20.1520.
Picus varius tertius. Raj. av. 43.
Lesser SportED Wooppecker. Jill. Orn. 138. pl. 31.
Alb. av.
Lath. Gen, Syn. 2. 566. 14.
Suppl. 107.
Penn.
~
rUAT © Kae
Penn. Br. Zaal. N® 8g, pl. 27.
Amer. Zool.
Le petit pic varié. Brif. Orn. iv. p. 41. N° 15,
Le petit Epeiche. Buff Oif. 7. p. 62.—Pl. enl. 598.
Kleiner bunt. Specht. Frifch. t. 37.
Baumbackterl. Kramer. 336. N° 5.
This is the fmalleft European fpecies of the Woodpecker genus
we have any knowledge of at this time ; its length is fix inches, breadth
eleven inches, and weight one aunce.
It vifits orchards, and feeds cn the larva of infe€ts, which it fome-
times pecks out of the trunks of trees or decayed wood. It builds in
an hole of a tree. Our figure reprefents the male; the female has the
crown of the head white—This fpecies is not commonly met with
in Englands
Buffon {ays it inhabits moft of the provinces of Fraace*, and Lin-
n@us obferves it inhabits the higher parts of A/a; it is faid alfo to be
feen as far north as Denmark, Ruffia, and Siberia.
Pennant remarks it has all the characters and actions of the greater
kind, but is not fo often met with.
% Salerne denies its being found in France. Ora. p. 107+
PLATE
Beefy Le Biy BX VEL.
PI Und: Vol RerD oe.
GREEN WooDPECKER.
Pic z.
Bill comprefled, convex.
GENERIC CHARACTER,
Bill ftrait, ftrong, angular. Noftrils covered with recumbent
briftles. ‘Tongue very long, flender, armed with a fharp bony point.
‘Two fore and two hind claws.
SPECIFIC CHAR ACTER,
A WN D
srvoNE MH S,
Crown crimfon. Back green. Rump yellow, beneath pale green,
Legs and feet greenifh, inclining to lead colour.
Picus Viripis. PP. viridis, vertice coccineo, fx. Suec. 80.
Linn. Syft. Nat.
Gefn. av. 710. Scop. Ann. I, p. 47. N° 52.
Brun. N° 39. Sepp. Vog. pl. in. p. 43.
Raii Syn. p. 42. A.
Pico Verde. Aldr. av. I. 416.
4 | a
€SREEN
PLAT FE xXARVe
GREEN WooppPeckER. Albin. I. pi. 18.
Br. Zaol.¥. N° 84.
Arti, Litol. VW. ps B79.) The
Lath. Gen. Syn. Vh.-p.-§77> N® a5.
Woodfpite, Rain fowl.
High-hoe, Hew-hole. /V¥ill. Orz. p. 135. t. 2%.
Le Pie verd. Brif. Orn. 4. p. @: N° 1.
Buff. Oif. 8. p. 7. ph 1.—P. enl. 371. 879.
Le Pic mart.,, Pie verd,
Pic jaulne. Belon. av. 299.
Grun-fpecht, Frifch. t. 35. Kramer. 334.
Wedknar, Gronfpik.
Grongjoling. Faun. Suec. fp. 99.
This fpecies is thirteen inches in Jength, weight fix ounces and an
half. The female has no red mark on the lower jaw; Frifch and
Klein obferve they have no red on the crown of the head; but La-
tham, in his Synopfis of Birds, fays, he has had them when they
could {carcely fly, the red was then mixed with brown, but became
full red after the firft moult.
It is common in many parts of Europe, and is found as high north
as Lapmark ; in England it is met with in moft woody places.
They build in the hollow trunks of trees, fifteen or twenty feet
from the ground: with their bills, which are very ftrong, hard, and
formed like a wedge, they can bore through the living part of the
wood, till they come to that which is rotten; the hole thus formed is
as
ee ALT EB XXXVI:
as pericCtly in the form of a circle as if made with the afiftance of a
pair of compaffes, and is hollowed out toa proper depth before the
eggs are depofited. They lay generally five, fometimes fix * eggs;
the young birds climb up and down the trees before they can fly.
According to Pzanant the eggs are of a beautiful femitranfparent
white; greenifh, with black fpots, Latham; and greyilh or yellowifh
white, marked with irregular pale yellow brown lines in the figure of
the egg in Sepp’s plate +.
Tt feeds on Infects, which it fometimes extracts from beneath
the bark of trees, or from the folid wood by means of its ftrong,
though flender barbed tongue; is faid to make great haveck among
bees.
In the Leverian Mufeum there is a variety of this {pecies, entirely
of a ftraw colour, except the crown, which is faintly marked with red. _
It was fhot at Belvoir cha/e.
* Willoughby. Pennants | Sepp. og. pl. in p- 43>
G 2 Pi Aw
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ony sled ery hace
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= eens ; ‘ att silat ) ke on el te
nt ytd Poa itekee me ads rao eens
b F hoe Pre AS
JE ; (fe nM a ' “| r 4 eras ee . te si 2 ae r a
= as taba te¥i deere rts @ te aes “22 ons voame® ot ibe Pie
" ee ty : af pe eis bet Feet ree ia aa
MLE ERY See bled) : 2! gate (rg wi A hav Vg : ahi he wish 4 fain feces «.saieiwe wie : is
bo gamgit 929 mi ail Wed we ihe y fo bios helio book twee =
te Sagat “i “—
dis — te a ga sherri ss i. thea git rad no abe a ce
qiionst ai io engger vo Gage buch ae Bead 1 gegnag Te stad oa | q
gaan, Aouad anor wut od bid i ad badued. = lia gue iF tes |
Yousis gw si aust) ” eiainee Fs sient enrss gab seuroion T anal 4
bet thie be neta, aol th anal ya Foe ey nd Sajna: * sabi emit 7 ) ni
ae yo Sr sell a a a” ~
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PLAT FE. XXXVUL
MER GUS* SER RAT OR,
RED-BREASTED MERGANSER,
ANSERE SS
Bill obtufe, covered with a thin membrane, broad, gibbous below |
the bafe, fwelled at the apex. Tongue flefhy. Legs naked; feet
webbed, or finned.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill long, roundifh, ferrated, hooked at the apex *.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
AND
S.UNO.NY MS,
[rides red. Head and upper part of the neck black, crefted; lower
part white. Breaft brown, mottled. Belly white. Back black.
Wings, exterior fcapulars black ; interior white.
* Noftrils near the middle of the mandible, fmall, and fubovated: Feet furnifhed
with four toes, three forwards, and one behind; the outer toe before longer than the
middie one. Lath. Gen. Syne
MeERcus
PLAT E. Xvi,
Mercus serrator. Crifta dependente, capite nigro maculis ferru-
gineis, Faun, Suec.—Linn. Syft. Nat.
Georgi Reife. p. 169.—Muller, N° 1342
Mergus albellus. Scop. Ann. 1. N° 8.
Anas Longiroftra. Gefn. av. 133. Aldr. av. 3.113.
Mergus criftatus capite caftaneo, &c. Kram. El. p. 343. 2. (female.)
a———— cirratus fufcus. Razi Syn. p.135. A. 4. Will. Orn. p. 336.
(Mergus cirratus minor.) p/. 64. (female.)-
RED-BREASTED GoosANDER. Edw. pl. gs.
Albin. 2. pl. 10%.
RED-BREASTED Mercanser. Penn. Br. Zool. 2.26%.
Lath. Gags Syn, O. 49 geass
Lesser TootHep Diver. Adorten’s Northampton, 429.
L’Harle hupé. Brif. av. 6. 237.
Buff, Oif, 8. p. 27 3s. pl. enl. 207.
Braun kophger Tilger.
Taucher. Kram. 343.
Pracka. Faun. Suec. fp. 136.
Length twenty-one inches, breadth thirty-three inches, weight two
pounds. We have reprefented the male, the female has only the ru-
diment of a creft: the head and upper part of the neck, dull ferrugi-
nous: chin white: fore part of the neck and the breaft ferruginous,
mottled with black and white: upper part of the’neck, back, rump,
and fcapulars, cinerous: the lower part of the breaft and belly white.
Both male and female are very liable to variation in the colour of
their plumage; in fome the white fpace on the neck is much more .
ciffufed than in cthers; the fame has been obferved of the portion of
I white
PU ATE . XXXVI.
white on the wings; and the females differ in the brightnefs of their
colour frequently.
Mr. Latham mentions a fpecimen which was fhot near Sandwich
in Kent; but it is chiefly found in the northern parts of Great-Bri-
tain; it is obferved to breed on Loch Mari, in the county of Ros,
and in the Le of Lay*.
The neft is made of withered grafs, and is lined with the down of
the bird’s breaft; it lays from eight to thirteen eggs, like thofe of a
wild duck, but {maller and whiter; the young are of a dirty brown .
like goflings +.
It is found in moft of the northern parts of Europe, in Ruffia, about
the great rivers of Siberia, and the lake Bazkal; alfo frequent in
Greenland, where it breeds on the fhores; in Newfoundland and Hud-
fen’s Bay.
*® Pennant’s Zool + Latham Gen. Sys
PLA Ree
| ee ee
‘ a i
,- |, Sat renie2: PaaS pee hoist bes a Me
eH yD ee ctu Olea lp silat i ed ti i i
~ om We arth 0 th As NER. tie Ei
. ‘ - - ~
¢. “Y ; “ 4 t Ls 38) Ses Py m
a ; ."
ssteod and vis tee”
* sgrtillog ‘nial
| ht gy etry eapto a S e lg
ee ee eee
; 7 7 ‘# hs , :
- oh ph fe eh en. WORT LAS 9 sah i ui meee ei
A }>* 1 |
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8
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ae
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9
59
PU AT Peeexxiy.
Pa heiiks «OUR VIR OS TRA.
COMMON CROSSBILL.
PASSERES.
Bill conic pointed. Noftrils oval *, broad, naked.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill ftrong, convex above and below, very thick at the bafe,
{Noftrils {mall and round +). Tongue as if cut off at the end.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
A ND
SYNONYMS.
Both mandibles curve oppofite ways and crofs each other. Male
red. Female green.
Loxra Curvirostra. Roftroforficato. Faun. Suec. 174.—Linn.
Syft. Nat. 2. 171. 96. 1. edit. 10.
Kram. El. 365. N° 2.
Brun. p. 66. N° 238,
© Linnaeus + Latham’s SynopfitwowoPennaht’s Bre Zool.
A Muller >
PLATE XXXIX.
Muller, N° 244.
Georgi Retfe, p. 174.
Fue Deste ile
Loxia. Gefn. av. 591.
Suect Appie or Cross Bint. Raii Sym_p. B6. A.
7 Wil. Orn. p. 248. t. 45.
Albin. . plo Gg.
Penn. Br. Zool. 1. N° 115. pl aq
Art, Lool.
Lath, Gen. Syn. 3, 106. I.
Edw. pl. 303.
Le Bec-croife, Brif Ore}. pogaos, Nims play. Ff, 2.
Buff. Off. 3. p- 449. 91.97. fi d——
‘Pl. enl. 218.
Korffnaff, Kinlgelrifvare. Faun. Suec. fo. 224.
Krumbfchnabl, Kreutzvogel. Kram. 365.
Kreutz-Schnabel. Frifch. 1. 46
The length of this bird is fix inches and three quarters; it is dif
tinguifhed from other fpecies of the fame genus by the very fingular
ftructure of its bill, both mandibles of which curve acrofs each other.
‘The male is generally of a fine orange red inclining to rofe-colour, mixed —
more or lefs with brown, the female of a dull green; but both fexes are
very liable to variations : the male is fometimes of a yellowith orange; of
a deep red; or even inclining toa dark purple hue, intermixed with
yellow, red, brown, preen, &c. the female varies alfo, but feldom ac-
quires more thana dull intermixture of other colours on the olive-green
according to the different feafons. The males arg like the females
when young, and gradually change to a fine red.
Mr.
PLA T EH XAXIX.s
Mr. Pennant fays there are two varieties of this {pecies, our prefent
fpecimen, and another which is very rare; of the latter he fays he
received a male and female from Shropfhire; they were fuperior in fize
to the former, the bill remarkably thick and fhort, more encurvated than
that of the common kind, and the ends more blunt *.
The Crofs-bill is common in Siveden, Germany, and Switzerland ;
is found alfo in Ruffia and Siberia, in North America, Greenland, &c.
It is not fuppofed to breed in Exgland, but to vifit us generally in {mall
flocks, though it has been feen in vaft multitudes in fome feafons. As
the feeds of the Fir, or Pine, is their natural food, they always retire to
forefts where thofe trees grow in moft abundance: they feed alfo on
Hemp -feed; and are faid to do great damage in orchards, by tearing the
apples to pieces to eat the pips or feeds.
It is obferved, in North America, to build its neft in the higheft part
of the Fir-trees, faftening it to the branches by the refinous matter
which exudes from the trees +.
® Pennants Bre Zod, +» Latham,
Bai) PLATS
as Sylar wo eal a ad Oo} 4 t storodg
er : 5 w! ‘
7 Ro — thee EP tee hoe
Sib ENR og tee ly hG ‘ia yaa ai ster
7 aH: Tile ‘
‘ Sel ot} dey eatpabaa whist geal pl mgt disses
a May! ore tia
r ' a + = } “
eres Gee dT MALE 7 , "ROSES eet
- ‘
A, ‘ q
! wy
. 7 ; ‘ t a ‘
iy y . ‘ Nie € , 0 rr) ~
‘ ree ak Pye I 1, gt en a Ze,
4 ~~
> a 7
s 7 ,
: i 5 ay Tey Wines *
Pa ©
* . J G
a Be ” ‘ 2 we sy : ;
i :
; : 5 F A 7 cs A)
7 ” * -
a ee eee . é i, ed oh "
4 ‘ yaa yee fee rele rt ae oe é =
ee eee { \ ate ea , (a icy 5 hl j ‘ge
: ‘ yF eee a AR eth aut’ A thibegtaa wr beh 4 ee eyed awe fi
; tt nae ier
ee ey ; ‘ { ; q
ay One 7 ee Wn og 9, Dib a,
ian swe tal oo ian Rod hal ; / ! x ee o.
\ 7 ih a ‘ as
: : 4 aaa om fe i
i ere 7
- y ita, , wots 9 Ge os bP ice : » Ry A d (
inal By PBS ea NE AER ERA ee LP ay Be 4 Be ee en il roe re qs :
: Hit \g i ’
3 : Y ae
rt J Pat ee aa ‘ a oe ji
| : Mae tk 8 Phe i - m a a ee waar .
‘ ' : a. ie “vo ort cite A abr di
Do ealieeiietientemn ae ‘ewe i indian nals tal rn
i
BAY
Pha
ny Lae a Ay en i '
D ne A vn 7 ye 7 Tihs. ‘ ny i
] ’ au
ii) iets ian ; Hes gi
Toei Nb akin ane
rad
oR (J
PL Al wean b.
MOTACILLA BOARULA.
GREY WAGTATIL.
PASSERES.
Bill conic, pointed. Noftrils oval, broad, naked.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
- *iBil weak, and flender ; lightly notched at the tip. “Tongue lace-
rated at the end. Legs flender *.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Crown, neck, back, afh-colour. Throat black in the male. A
pale ftreak over the eye. Rump yellow. Breaft and belly pale
yellow. Wings brown; feathers edged with yellow. ‘Tail-feather
black, edged with yellow or brown; exteriors white.
Moracitra Boaruta. Linn. Mant. 1771. p. 52%.
Scop. Ann. 1. N° 225,
Faun. Arag. p. 89.
* Latham, Gen. Syn.
z Motacilla
Pad MTie oo.
Motacilla flava altera. Raii Syn. 75. 3
Yettow Wactait. Albin. 11. pl. 58. (female.}
GREY WAGTAIL, Will. Orn. p. 238.
| Edw. pl. 259. (male.)
Br. Zool. 1. N®* 144. Ar. Lool.
Lath. Gen, Syn. 4.178. 4.
La Bergerette. Belon. av. 351.
La Bergoronette jaune, Motacilla fava. Brif. av. p. 3. 47%. t. 23
fi 3. (male.)
Three kinds of Wagtails are found in this country, the Common,
or White, the Yellow, and the Grey; the two former we have already
figured; the latter is a very elegant bird, and appears to be the rareft
of the three fpecies, it breeds in the north of England; fuppofed not
nearer than Cumberland *, and departs fouthward in October.
In the male only the chin and throat are black. Length feven inches
and an half.
All the birds of this genus frequent watery places ; are very lively,
and have a brifk motion in their tails, They feed on Infets. The
neft of the Grey Wagtail is made on the ground; it is compofed of
dried fibres and mofs, lined with wool or feathers within; it contains
from fix to eight eggs, of a dirty white, marked with yellow {pots.
* Latham, Gen. Syne
PLATE
i | ae
’ i = i
\ fp
ai | My ic Eos Oi MO
Da meh Va a
-
| id TA a igh Halle, 0
Se CU Lod &. MCN ORL? S:
COMMON CUCKOW.
Pie 2.
Bill compreffed, convex.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill roundifh and curved a little. Noftrils bounded by a {mall
margin. ‘Tongue fhort, pointed. Toes two forward, two backward.
Ten feathers in the Tail. ©
SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
Above afh-colour. Beneath white, waved with tranfverfe black
jines. ‘Tail cuneated, black, with white fpots.
CucuLus Canorus. cauda aequali nigricante albo puntata. —
Linn, Syft. Nat. 1. 110. §2. 1. edit, 10.
Scop. Ann. 1. p. 44. N° 48,
Brun. N° 36.
Georgi Reife, p. 165.
Sepp. vog. pl. in p. 117.
Faun Arag. p. 73,
Cuckow. Raii. Syn. p. 23.
Will. Orn. p. 97. pl. 10. 776
Albin. 1. pl. 8.
Br. Zool. 1. N* 82. ph 36
J ‘Commog
PLAT Baw
Common Cuckow. Lath. Gen. Syn. 2. p. §0g.
Suppl. 98. I.
Le Coucow. Brif. Orn. 4. p. 105. N® x.
Buff. Oif. 6. p. 305.—pl. enl. 811.
Le Coqu. Belon. av. 132.
Ruckuk. Frifch. pl. 40s 41.
Ructuct. Kram. 337.
Gjok. Faun. Suec. fp. 96.
The earlieft appearance of the Cuckow in this country is fuppofed
to be in February *, it is rarely in Adarch, but more commonly in
April: it has been emphatically called the harbinger of Summer, or
the meflenger of Spring; and its note, when heard early in the
year, fhould never fail to invite the rural ceconomift to his ufeful
occupation. With Stillingfleet and Pennant we acknowledge the
fallibility of human Calendars, for the purpofes of hufbandry; and with
them muft conclude, that “ fome attention fhould be given to thofe
feathered guides, who come heaven-taught, and point out the true
commencement of the feafon; their food being the Infects of thofe
feafons they continue with us +.”
The Cuckow is fo well known in this, and every other country of
_ Europe, that we are not {urprifed to find its Natural Hiftory has engaged
the particular attention of every writer on Ornithology, in whofe works
it could be introduced with propriety: it may hence be difficult, if
not impoffible, to treat of its peculiar habits with an elegance of
language fuperior to the defcription of Buffon, to felect more judicioufly
the beautiful fictions of Antient Bards, than has been done by Pennant
Mentioned in Br. Zool. Pen. t Br. Zoel.
7 and
me AVY Ey AUT.
and other preceding writers; who have thus embellifhed its hiftory ;
or to add to general information any material circumftance that has
evaded the vigilance and accuracy of Latham.
The note of this bird is a call to love, and is peculiar to the male ;
who, perched on the branch of a tree, or the fummit of an eminence,
thus invites the female from the coppice in which fhe fits in filence :
in a calm evening his note may be heard among the trees far off ; and
when difappointed of its mate, the neighbouring woods reecho his
hollow note at the diftance of a quarter of a mile.
All Authors have allowed that the Cuckow does not hatch its own
eggs, but depofits them in the neft of fome other bird, generally in
that of a Hedge-Sparrow, Water-Wagtail, or a Yellow-Hammer ;
fome Writers fay the Cuckow lays only one egg, others two * in the
neft; the fofter-parent attends them with the fame care as her
own, and when the brood is hatched, fhe fhews no diflike to the
fpurious offspring ; fhe treats them with equal tendernefs, and toils
with the fame affiduity to fupply them with food ; the young Cuckow,
when fledged, follows its little inftruGtor for a fhort time; but as its
appetite encreafes, and the fmall Infects it collects, in imitation of its
fuppofed parent, foon become infufficient for its fubfiftence, they fepa-
rate. Its ingratitude is proverbial among the French +, from a ridi-
culous fuppofition that it changed into 2 Hawk, and devoured its nurfe,
About the end of Fune the call of the male ceafes, though it does
not take its final departure till the end of September or beginning of
ae
* The egg figured by Sepp is like the Jackdaw’s, both in fize and fhape, of a greenifh
white, fpeckled with brown.—Larbam fays it is certainly not that of the Cuckow, which
he defcribes not much bigger than that of the Hedge-Sparrow, greatly elongated in
fhape, the ground colour not unlike it, and mottled al! over with ferruginous purple,
4 “ Ingrat comme un Coucou.””
[2 O Sober.
EE ALTO a
Oéfober. Latham obferves he has heard it call at midnight more than
once or twice in the courfe of the Summer, and adds it was bright
moon-light every time,
They feed on Infeéts, flefh, &c. in the ftomach of feveral that have
been diffected the Caterpillars of the Fox * and Buff-tip + Moth have
been found; in others vegetable matter, egg-fhells, Beetles, &c.
They are fuppofed to migrate to 4frica and Aleppo, and to vifit
feveral countries in their paflage ; and are known in the northern parts
of the world, even to Kamt/chatka.
Le Coucou roux, of Briffen, is a variety of a young bird, having the
upper parts varied with rufous, where the other is white. Birds of
the firft year are very liable to variation, {carce two being found alike ;
the bars are much more numerous in fome than in others, and the
ground colour more or lefs varied with ferruginous, according to the
age.
On diffe@ion, the ftomach has been difcovered to be very capacious
and long; protruding far beyond the fernum, that part being fo very
fhort, as not to be fufficient to take off the preflure in incubation,
whereby digeflion may be impeded. ‘This has been affigned as the
:eafon why it does not hatch its own eggs.
Length of the adult bird is fourteen inches, breadth twenty-five
inches, weight two ounces and an half.
ee a we a te $0 EE NS TT.
eens
4
® Phal. Rubi + Pbal. Bucepbala.
PLATE
aS
4
a*
PLATE XLIL
"Pa SRADRIUS. MORINELLU®
DOE TE REL.
GRALLZ.
Bill roundifa. Tongue entire fefhy. Thighs naked, Toes
divided.
GENERIC CHARACTER,
Bill ftrait, roundifh, obtufe. Noftrils linear. Toes three, all placed
forwards.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Bill, Head, Belly black. Legs black brown. A broad white band
above the eye; another acrofs the breaft. Breaft and fides dull orange.
Back and Wings olive brown.
Cuaraprivus MorineLivus.~—PeCtore ferrugineo, facia fupercili-
orum pe<torifque lineari alba, pedi-
bus nigris. Faun. Suec. 158, 160.
Linn. Syft. Nate 2. 150. 79s 6.
edit. 10.
Brun. 185.
Morinellus avis anglica: Gefner au. 615.
DoTreEREL, Rati Syn p. Like 4. Ae
Wil,
gg We a ae samen Bo |
Will. Orn. p. 309. pl. 55. 57+
Albin. 13. pl. 62.
Br. Zool. N° 210. pl. 73.
Ar &. Zool. b. 457. @
Pluvialis minor, five Morinellus, le petit Pluvier, ou le Guignard.—
Brif. av. V.54. tab. 4. fig. 2.
Buff. Oif. 8. p. 87.
Pl. onl 822.
Lappis Lahul. Faun. Suec.
The Male of this fpecies is about nine inches in length; its weight
four ounces; the Female is rather larger, the colours are in general
‘more obfcure, the white ftripe over the eye is narrower, the black on
the belly is intermixed with white, and the white line acrofs the breaft
is Wanting.
‘They are found in plenty in fome parts of England, in others are
unknown. Are moft common in Cambridgefhire, Lincolnfbire, and
Derlbyfoire, about the latter end of /pril, in May and Fune ; during
which time they are very fat, and are much efteemed for their delicate _
flavour. In April and September they are taken on the Wilt/bire and
Berkjbire downs *: they are alfo feen on the fea fide at AZcales, in
Lancafbire, in April; where they continue about three weeks; from
thence they remove northward to Leyton Haws, where they ftay about
a fortnight +. It is fuppofed that they breed in the mountains of Cums
berland and Wefimoreland, as they appear there in May, and are ob-
ferved there after the breeding feafon. ‘They breed alfo on feveral of
the Highland hills *. Are proverbially ftupid birds, and eafily taken
in a net, or fhot.
* Latham + Pearant.
©) Pave Sey:
Le Guignard d’ Angleterre of Brifon * is confidered as a variety of
this fpecies ; the weight and fize correfpond with the former defcrip-
tion; but the fore part of the Neck, Breaft, Belly, Sides, and Thigns,
are pale yellow and white mixed, the Tail white, except the two middle
feathers, the Legs and Feet of a fordid green. /bin has figured this
bird; he fays he received it from Lincolnfhire, by the name of
Dotterel +.
Thofe birds are common in the northern parts of Europe; Linneus
fays they are frequent in the Lapland Alps, and that they vifit Sweden
in May. Breed in the northern parts of Rujfiz and Siberia.
* Brif. Orn. We Pp. 58. 6. tT Albin, pl. 63. Vol. Bs
PLATE
JUS
Paar? BO MEAT.
LOXIA COCCOTHRAUSTES,
Gin Os BE A R
OR
HAWFINCH.
PASSERES.
Bill conic, bointéd. Noftrils oval, broad, naked,
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill ftrong, convex above and below, thick at the bafe. Noftrils,
{mall, round. Tongue as if cut off at the end. ‘Toes placed three
before and one behind;
SPECIFIG CHARACTER.
AND
SYNONYMS,
Bill horti-colour. Irides grey. Crown of the head rufous chefnutt ;
fides the fame colour, paler. Round the eye, andchinblack. Breaft
pale rufous bloflom colour. Hind part of the neck afh-colour. Back.
and coverts of the wings deep brown. Four outermoft fecondaries
fhaped like fome antient battle-axes. Tail feathers black; on the
inner webs white, Legs pale brown.
Loxia Coccorurausres. linea alarum fimplici alba, rectricibus
latere tenuiore bafeos albis. Linn.
Sy/ft, Nat, 2. 171. 96. 2. edit. 10.
K Scops
PLA. exe,
Scop. Ann. J. N° 1.
‘ Cramer. el. p. 364. N° 1
Frifch. t. 4. M. and ¥.
Olin. uccel. pl. in pl. 37.
GrosBEAK or HAWFINCH. Sep. Vog. pl. in p. 137.
Raii. Syn. p. 85. A. 1
Albin. 1. pl. 56.
Edwards. pl. 188.
Pen. Br. Zool. 1. N° 113.
Lath. Gen. Syn, I. 109. 4.
Suppl. 148. 4.
Arét. Zool.
Le Grofbeak ou Pinfon royal. Belon av. 373.
Brif. Orn. Ill. p. 219. N° I
Buff. Oi. Il. p. 444. pl. 27. fi X
pl. enl, 9g. 100.
Dlefchk Scop. es)
Stenkneck. Faun, Suec.
Kernbeis, Nufbeitler. Kram.
» This beautiful bird is rarely met with in this country except in
winter; it is only an occafional vifitor with us, though in France it is
not uncommon; and in Germany, Italy, Sweden, and the fouthern parts
of Ruffia it is very plenty. It has been feen in Exgland in the fummer
months once or twice, and Latham feems inclined to believe they may
fometimes breed here.
They feed on berries, and on the kernels of cherries, almonds, haws,
- &c. their bills are very large, and fo ftrong that they are able to crack
the hardeft {tones of any fruit with the greateft facility.
9 They
re POE TLE.
They are faid to build the neft in hollow trees; or between the
forked branches, about twelve feet from the ground; it is compofed of |
{mall dry fibres, intermixed with liver-wort; they lay five or fix eggs *
of a roundifh fhape, of a bluifh green, {potted with clive brown, and
inter{perfed with a few irregular black markings according to Latham;
in the figure given by Sepp the eggs are of a pale purple colour, {potted
with brown; the neft appears of a loofe texture, and is placed on an
oak,
The length of this fpecies is feven inches, breadth thirteen, weight two
ounces; the colours of the Female are not fo bright as thofe of the Male,
and the fpace between the bill and the eye, which is black in the latter,
is grey in the other fex.
The general defcription we have given of its colours muft not be
fuppofed to conftitute its diftinguifhing charafter: they vary exceedingly
in different fpecimens; in fome the bill is almoft black, the crown of
the head in fome is whitifh; in others wholly black: fometimes the
white band acrofs the wing inclines to grey; in others no trace of
white can be perceived: it has been feen with the body wholly black,
and Scopoli mentions one entirely white, the quills excepted.
* Willughby.
K 2 | PLATE
‘ 4 4 - aft Wiss my
* 7 t a q : ’ 4
? Chea pr Pa’) Ties a4°
i , ieearen tr tel is
, : ; ' J M ‘
é
y \ .
é
, -
+ X ees.
Ld
; =
‘ 7 G
_ uy
. Nee
‘ . r Fe
ie ee! ke
ft
? 7
’ P
>
* Feat |
‘ i
i ©
* \
‘
Lue
x.
ona
'
‘ 5
’
se
\
a 1
: re:
.
Aer,
r
+ i
‘
i Ly
*
\ 7
oI ’
y '
. _
\ ®
'
ae
n
7 f
an :
- b , ‘or ' é :
oS f ; \ : .
si ‘ J ary
; - : eas Tl) Pe
f Far, yy
“3 ais). ve
’ ‘ty Wee) woke ia a4 ah Une ak or + ry
PiA TE “Xig\,
PODICEPS* NIGRICANS,
DUSK Y GREBE.
ANSERES.
Bill obtufe, covered with a thin membrane, broad, gibbous below
the bafe, fwelled at the apex. ‘Tongue flefhy. Legs naked. Feet
webbed or finned. 2
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill ftrong, flender, and fharp pointed. Noftrils linear. Space be-
tween the eye and bill bare of feathers. “Tongue ‘lightly cloven at the
end, Body deprefled: feathers thick fet, compact, and very fmooth and
gloffy. Wings fhort. No tail. ‘Toes furnifhed on each fide with
a broad plain membrane.
SPECIFIG CHARACTER,
¥ | AND
SYNONYMS.
Bill black. Lore and irides red. Upper parts of the head, neck,
and body dufky brown, beneath filvery white. Legs dirty olive.
* We have had occafion in a former defcription to mention the alteration made by
Briffin in the Colymbus genus of Ray and Linnzus ; and fince adopted by our Englifh
- ornithologifts, Pennant and Latham. In the Linnen genus are included the Grebes, Guillee
mots and Divers, which as they differ materially in the form of their feet, have been fee
parated by thofe later authors into diftinét tribes.eePodiceps is the new generic title
given by Latham to the Grebes. ‘ie .
PopIcEPs
Pa AWE ORLY: ‘
Popicers NIGRICANS. Lath. Gen, Syn. Vol. 5. 286. §:
Cotymeus Nicricans? Scopoli, N° ror.
Cortymsus Minor, la.
petite grebe. Brif. Orn. 6. 56.
Biack and wHITE Dogcuick. Edwards av. 96. fig. 1,
Dusky GREBE. ; Br. Zool. 225. .
This fpecies inhabits the fens of Lincolnfhire, where it is perhaps
not uncommon, though feldom found elfewhere. Length eleven inches.
In its manners it nearly agrees with the other birds of the fame _
tribe already figured in this work,
PLATE
—
=
Pe A BY.
CHARADRIUS PLUVIALIS.
GOLDEN PLOVER.
GRALLA&.
Bill roundifh. ‘Tongue entire, flefhy. Thighs naked. Toes
divided.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill ftrait, obtufe. Noftrils linear. Toes three, all placed for-
wards.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Upper fide of the plumage dufky ; fpotted with greenifh yellow.
Beneath white. Legs black.
CHaraprius PLuvia.is. Pedibus cinereis, corpore nigro viri-
dique maculato, fubtus albido.—
Linn. Syft. Nat. 2 151. 79. 8
| edit. 10.
Pluvialis aurea, le pluvierdoré. Brif. av. v. 43. tab. 4. fig. 1.
Buff. Oif. 8. p. 81. pl. 5.—Pl. enl.
Qo4.
GREEN PLOVER. Raii Syn. p. 111. A. 2. 190. 9.
Albin. 1. pl. 75.
Will. Orn. 308. pl. §7.
Sloan. Fam. p. 318. to. pl. 269. 2.
1, GOLDEN
PLA TB ALY:
Goxpen Prover. Penn. Br. Zool. 2. 474. 32+ 208.
Lath. Gen. Syn. §. 193. ¥.——-Suppl. 25%.
Brachhennl. _ Kram. 354.
Rechter Brachvogel. Frifch, 2. 217.
Pivier. Aldr, av. 3. 2:06.
Piviero verde. Zinan, 102.
Brok-Fugl. Brun. 187.
The Golden Plover is found in fmall flocks on our moors and
heaths, in the winter feafon; it is not a common {fpecies in this
country. It breeds on feveral unfrequented mountains, particularly
on thofe of the J/le g Rum, and the loftier Hebrides*: and on the
Grampian, and all the heathy hills of the iflands, and Highlands of
Scotland t.
It is an inhabitant of Sweden, Denmark, Lapland, and other
countries towards the frozen ocean; and according to Ruffelt ex-
tends to the fouth as far as Aleppo.
It lays four eggs, fharply pointed at the leffer end, two inches
and one-eighth in length, of a pale cinereous olive, blotched with
blackith {pots §.
In fome fpecimens the belly is black, in others black intermixed
with whites this is entirely owing to the feafon; early in March
the black on the breaft is firft feen, it increafes till that part becomes
full black ; but after the time of incubation that colour difappears.
Inftead of a hind toe fome have only a fmall claw.
* Peunant Br. Zool. T Flr. Score Ze ph 35° T Ruffel, Pp VI. § Lath. Gen. Sytte
PLATE
ale eae
NPN he Mites Heys
eos 3
PL: A°T\E XLVI.
LARUS GAN.U S:
COMMON GULL:
ANSERES.
» Bill obtufe, covered with a thin membrane, broad, gibbous below
the bafe, fwelled at the apex. Tongue flefhy. Legs naked; feet
webbed, or finned.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill ftrong, ftrait, bending down at the point, an angular promi-
nence on the under part of the lower mandible. Noftrils narrow,
in the middle of the bill.
SPECIFIG CHARACTER.
Bill yellow. Back grey ; the reft white. Legs dull green.
Larus Canus. albus, dorfo cano. Linn. Sy/ft. Nat.
2. 136, 69, 2. edit. 10.
Sein: Ann. 1. N° 104.
Brun. N® 41.
Georgi Reife, p. 170.
_ Common GuLt. Penn. Br. Zod. 2. N° 249. pl. 89.
f. 2.—Aré. Zool. N° 458.
Lath. Gen. Syn. vol, 6. 378. 8.
Common Sea Mall, or Mew. Raii Syn. p. 127. A. 3
Will. Orn. p. 345. pl. 76.
White
PLATE Sty
White web-footed Gull, Albin. 2. pl. 84.
La grande Mouette cendrée. Brif. Orn. 6. p. 182. 10. pl. 16. fiz. 2
Buff. Oif. 8. p. 428.—Pl. enl. 977:
Gabbiano minore. Zinan. 115.
This {pecies is the moft common of all the gulls. It breeds on
the rocks and cliffs on our fhores and rivers which are contiguous
to the fea, and is feen in vaft numbers on the Thames in fpring and
winter, picking up the fmall fith, worms, &c. left by the tide.’
It is feen as far north as Iceland, Lapland, and the Ruffian Lakes,
and alfo on the coaft of Newfoundland. It is an inhabitant of the
warmer climates of the fouth, as Greece, fome parts. of Italy, and
moft of the fhores of the (Mediterranean Sea.
The length is feventeen inches: breadth thirty-fix inches, and
weight one pound. The eggs are two inches and a half in length;
of a deep olive brown, marked with irregular deep red reddifh
blotches *.
They differ a little in their markings: Mr. Latham mentions one,
the head and half the neck of which were marked with fhort dufky
ftreaks. |
* Lath, Gen. Syn
PLATE
“v
Spey
PEATE XLVI:
FALCO MILVUS.
KE ee
ACCIPITRES.
Birds of prey. Bill and claws ftrong. Hooked. An angle in
each margin of the upper mandible. Body mufcular. Females
larger, and more beautiful than the males.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill much arched. A cere or membrane at the bafe.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SEN O NT iS.
Cere and irides yellow. Head hoary white with dafhes of black.
Body ferruginous. ‘Tail forked. Legs yellow.
Farco Mitvus; Cera flava, cauda forficata, corpore ferrugineo,
capite albidiore.—Fu. Sv. 59. Linn Sy. Nat.
1. 89. 10. edit. 10.
Miivus, Ratt Syn. p. 19. N° A. 6.
Gefn. av. 609.
Kite, or Greap. Will, orn. p. 74. t. 6.
M Kits.
POAT BO Kiva,
KITE, Penn. Br. Zool. ¥. 185. §3.-
Lath. Gen. Syn. 1. p. 61. N° 43.
Le Milan royal. Belon. av. 129.
Brif, orn. i. p. 414. N° 35. t. 33e
Buff. cif. 1. p. 197. te 7—Pl. enl.
A22
Rother Milon. Kram. 326.
Glada. Faun. Suec. [p. 57.
Nibbio. Zinan 82.
Glede, Puttock, Kyte Turnert.
The Kite is very common in England, and is well known in fe-
veral parts of the continent of Europe*; but it inhabits the more
northern ‘countries only during the hotteft months of fummer.
Bofman mentions it as a native of Guineat; Linnzus alfo fays it in-
habits Europe, Afia, and Africa. No author has yet defcribed it as
a native of America.
It breeds in woods. The neft is formed of different materials ; the
outfide of fticks, the lining of rags, bits of flannel, rope, paper, &ct.
{tlays two or three eggs, which are roundifh, and of a whitifh colour,
{potted with dirty yellow. ‘The egg of the Kite is defcribed by Mr.
Latham (in his Supplement to the Synopfis of Birds) from the fpe-
cimen formerly preferved in the Portland Mufeum; it was of a bluifh
® “ The flefh is groffe. Aldrov. yet it’s nie by the podre people ig Germany."
Robt. Lovell, Hifi. Animals and Birds, 1661,
+ Bofman, Voy, de Guinee, p, 278.
t Peis, Br. Zo, .
white,
PLAT. & XLVIL
white, inclining to red at one end, blending itfelf with the white
by fmall markings.
As a bird of prey, the Kite is known to be very deftructive among
poultry.; it devours alfo fmall birds and animals, and Mr. Latham
fays it will fometimes eat fifh, as it has been found feeding on the
remains of one by the fide of a pond, after having probably beaten
off its firft poffeffor.
The forked tail of the Kite diftinguifhes it from every other bird,
and ferves to direct its flight with the greateft precifion. It fome-
times appears fufpended, and quite motionlefs at a confiderable
height, then glides with aftonifhing velocity through the fky, without
the {malleft apparent action of its wings. When it defcends on
{mall birds, it generally carries them off in its talons, to devour
them.
The length of this bird twenty-fix inches: breadth five feet.
They differ very frequently in their colours, Mr. Pennant mentions
a beautiful variety entirely of a tawny colour that was fhot in Lin-
eolnfhire.
E LAL
tea sno le bis ate
a
oad
€ ‘ : ' ; , vive
= o . i
dio Ponies yisv of of awn fii Lae ie eng Io brid
a mgcind ABA hte: live te faim avi ne ai avd, pithtab 4h i
«
—
sal
alee ae ‘ nity if Bj ‘lL pad and 43 os } Hes st oad ie
toad vicketorgy gril real Bille alien.) i. sili’ sea to snfeeaia’ oh
e a . ‘ +y r i
* : > ; , ; rs : = e; — & a
: be 7 Ce nl 7
eae wifi yan ate tint sfhit aT
D : »
m" ‘ s es k
} 7 rd . H igi ut 1 3 é Rr | ey,
Cha ott Eig, 4s ihe ub @! amv) ben
nygout igo ‘ wi ih atR sever aera | a 1
. cor Regina Heats uae nods Gaigiod 4
4 tei Puma cere aie | aes
ait Tug “ San laa ie A
: * a ‘ a
: a Fy
\ i :
ur a ; at hy
7 ’ id ,
a! i
Pr oP
“- % | 4
PLATE XLVI.
MOTACILLA SALICARIA.
SEDGE BIRD.
PASSERES.
Bill conic, pointed. Noftrils oval broad, naked.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill ftrait, lender. “Tongue jagged.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Bill black, head brown, marked with dufky ftreaks, a white line
over the eye, with a black line above it; cheeks brown. Back, |
wings, and tail, brown; wing coverts edged with pale brown. Body
beneath yellowifh white. Legs dufky.
METACILLA SALICARIA. cinerea, fubtus alba, fupercillis albis.
—Linn. Syft. Nat. 1. 185. 8. edit.
Io,
Avis confimilisf{toparolz, & magnaninez, Raiz Syn. 81. 6.
Junco minor. Sepp. vag. pl. in p. 99?
Lucinia falicaria, Klein. av. 47 ?
SEDGE Birp, Albin. 3. pl. 60.
Penn, Br. Zocl. 1, N° 155.
SEDGE
PLATE XLVIL
SEDGE WARBLER. Lath. Gen. Syn. 4.p. 403. N? 235
Wi tow Lark. Br. Zool. 2. 2413 Lond. 1766.
Lesser Reed Sparrow. Will. Orn. t4Ae
La Fauvette de rofeaux, Brif. Orn. 3. p. 378. N°S.
Buff. Oif. 5. p. 142.—Pl, enl.
581. 2.
This elegant bird is commonly met with in marfhy places, or near
rivers where willows, reeds, and fedges grow. ‘The neft is generally
made among the reeds. It is compofed of ftraw, and dried fibres of
plants, lined with hair, and contains five eggs, of a dirty white co«
jour, marbled with brown*,
Tt feeds on flies, fpiders, &c. which it finds on the willows, or
among the rufhes, where it conceals itfelf. It imitates the note of
the {wallow, fky-lark, houfe-{parrow, and other birds, in a pleafing
but hurrying manner, and fings all night T.
Some authors have fuppofed that it leaves us before winter, but
that is uncertain.
Length of this bird is fix inches and an half.
* Latham. Gen. Syn > Pennant. Br. Zool.
INDEX
ND Eek ahha ehO L. | IL.
ARRANGEMENT
ACCORDING- TO THE
SYSTEM or LINNAUS.
ORDER I.
AGE IRITF RE S.
: Plate
Fatco Mitvus y Rhee a f 47
Fatco Apivorus~ - - _ - - 30
Strix BRACHYOTOS = aa u id 35
-Lanius CoLiurio tng a “a = 31
‘ORDER ff.
PI A.
‘CucuLus Canonus 7 at = - “ AX
Picus ViRIpIs _ - a = .- 37
_Picus Mimer .-) 9) = = = - 36
Corvus. Le Gray BLanc a“ - wis Old,
Coracias GaRRULA ss _ ; = ne
LBD ee ae
O'R DPE R OL
ANSERES.
MEeERGuS SERRATOR e pies
CortymBus TROILE es hs
AURITUS A i
Popicers NIGRICANS iS s
Lanus CANUS a .
ORDER IV.
, “ GRAE LAS!
TRINGA VANELLUS Meike a
- CINCLUS i =
Cuaraprius MoRINELLUS vine
Pg en ew —— PLU VIALIS eM a3
ORDER VI.
PASSERES.
Loxta CoccOTHRAUSTES 4 2
CURVIROSTRA 4 rey
EmeeERIzZA NIVALIS? Ee 2
MoraciLta BoaRULA a x
- SALICARIA © - i
Parus CRrisTaTus - z "
Plate,
< 38
- 28
~- 29
= 44
46
e 25
- 32
x 42
; 45
= 43
4 39
- 27
- 40
2 48
- a6
BND EX
ARRANGEMEN?T
ACCORDING TO
LATHAM?’s SYNOPSIS or BIRDS.
PEV IS LO NF. ann Birss.
ORDER If, Rapacious.
GENUS If.
: Plate
Honey Buzzarp “i 2 a 2 30
KITE ay 2 uf 5s Bi 47
: GENUS Iii.
SHORT-EARED OwL 2 = * = 35
ORDER-II. © Pyzs.
GENUS IV.
RED-BACKED SHRIKE se = - 3r
GE NU S. XH,
WuiTtTs Jay 2 mi ki. ° 3 Nee
N 2 GENUS
NA DP EP ©
GENUS XII,
Plate
GaRRULOUS ROLLER ~~ - = ‘ - = 33
GENUS (x
Common Cuckow ~ yi - s 4t
G-E,N.US XX].
Lesser SPOTTED WOODPECKER - - - 36
Green WOODPECKER ~ ~ ° me 4 37
GENUS XXXIV.
ComMon CROSSBILL - - ~ = 39
HawFincuH or GROSBEAK - - - 43
: GENUS XxXxXyV. |
Tawny BuNTING - a Fr - = 27
CEN UD § Xe
Grey WacTAIL “ ~ - @ 49
GEN U 8: XLI.
Sepce WARBLER = - ~ - 48
GENUS XLII.
Crestep TITMOUSE - - = . 26
DIVISI O N If. Warer Birps.
| GENUS LXIx.
LarwinG . a ‘s To. - 25
PuURRE - “= ; ~ a ° 32
GENUS dx,”
GoLpDEN PLOVER - ~ - - 45
DOTTEREL - 2 - - 42
\
Ut Nel EA BE
ORDER VIIl. Wire Pinnatep Feet.
GENUS LXXIX.
FEARED CREBE d a A
Dusky GREBE ~ ke? VG. Wee és
ORDER IX. Wss-Fooren.
GENUS LXXXV.
Foo.LisH GUILLEMOT s s
| GheuN WS LUXXXIX.
Common Gutt ~~ - ‘ Pe
GB ee 5) XCT.
ReED-BREASTED MERGANSER —si= P
Plate
29
44
2§
46
38
VOL,
PON DU EWR
VO L
ARRANGEMENT
Il.
ACCORDING TO
PENNANT’s BRITISH ZOOLOGY,
GENUSI.
KITE as le Ps
Honey BuzzarpD = ie 3
GENUS II,
SHoRT-EARED OWL i
GENUS III.
RED-BACKED SHRIKE Bs
Gi IOUS ely.
White Jay x P
GEN U:S~- ¥.
Cuckow i =
GENUS VII.
GREEN WOODPECKER c
LEAST-SPOTTED WOODPECKER
=
GENWSs. AVI.
Haw GrRoSBEAK “
CroSsS-BILLED GROSBEAK
\
eo
Plate
ili ee
= 30
35
o~ a1.
& 34
= 41
37
es 36
= 43
“ 39
BONS Di EG
GENUS XIX.
Tawny BuntTine ai .
| GENUS XXIII,
Grey WAGTAIL = Lian he & A
; GENUS XXIV.
SEpGE WARBLER = = z
GENUS XXV.
CresTeED TITMOUSE .. *
GENUS XxXXI,
Larwine- - ae -
| GENUS XXXII.
DorTreEREL ~ om = bs
(SOLDEN PLOVER ahi 2a ey Fa
GENUS. XXXVII.
‘Earep GREBE . is 2
Dusky GREBE ae 2 = oe
GEN US” XLI-
FoorisH GUILLEMOT 2 se
GENUS XLITI.
ComMMon-GUEL | ee) ay ray
GENUS XLVI.
RED-BREASTED MERGANSER =
cc INS A RE RI IRD
AvRVE ON DT xX:
ROLLER x s iE hs
Purge” °*« oe z
Plate
27
40
48
26
25
28
4.6
38
33
oo
i. Ni Di 1X,
VOL. IL
ALPHABETICAL ARRANGEMENT.
Plate
Bunting, Tawny, ler oe a o a 27
Butcher Bird, Red-beaked, - - - - 31
Buzzard, Honey, - = - - 30
Crofs-bill, Common, = = 2 = ~ 39
Cuckow, Common, - a - ns 45
Dotterel, ee ee) ° Z ss 42
Grebe, Eared, « ee , ) = @ 29
Dutky, - = = = 44
Grofbeak, Haw, Ne - - 2 43
Guillemot, Foolifh, =. - ee 2 -— 23
Gull, Common, » * - 46
Jay, White, ve Mae = ? 34
Kite, - = - os ? 47
Lapwing, - a, ~ a 25
Merganfer, Red-breafted,- - - " 38
Owl, Short -eared, - - = = 35
Plover, Golden, = - oie - 4 45
Purre, 4s - - ~ - 32
Roller, Garrulous, = - . r 33
Titmoufe, Crefted, = - - - - 2.6
Wagtail, Grey, ne MN es - - 40
Warbler, Sedge, - nS - - 48
Woodpecker, Leffer, ne - - "x 36
anne Green, aie -. - . = ear
.,
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